Tag: Timelines

ARLINGTON, USA - SEP 15, 2015: Interior view of the AT&T Stadium, formerly known as Cowboys Stadium in Arlington. Texas, United States [Photo Credit; David J. Maldonaldo on Shutterstock.com]

NFL, CFL, LFAM and NFLE Team Timeline 1873-2021

Team Name, League and Home Stadium Changes 1873-2021

YearsTeam (Stadium)LeagueNotes
WORLD SERIES OF FOOTBALL ERA (1873-1903)
1873-1882Toronto ArgonautsIndependentJoined ORFU
1883-1906Toronto ArgonautsORFUJoined IRFU
1896-1901Watertown Athletic AssociationIndependentChanged Name to Red & Blacks
1896-1906Ottawa Rough RidersORFUJoined IRFU
1898-1919Rochester JeffersonsIndependentJoined APFA
1898-????Morgan Athletic ClubIndependentChanged Name to Normals
????-????NormalsIndependentChanged Name to Racine Cardinals
????-1920Racine CardinalsIndependentJoined APFA and Changed Name to Chicago
1902Philadelphia AthleticsNFL *First attempt at a National Professional League
1902Philadelphia PhilliesNFL *First attempt at a National Professional League
1902Pittsburgh StarsNFL *First attempt at a National Professional League
1902New YorkWSFMade up of Philadelphia Athletics and Phillies players
1902New York KnickerbockersWSFNew York City representatives
1902Syracuse Athletic ClubWSFUpstate New York representatives
1902Warlow Athletic ClubWSFNew Jersey representatives
1902Orange Athletic ClubWSFNew Jersey representatives
1903Franklin Athletic ClubWSFPennsylvania representatives
1903Oreos Athletic Club (Asbury Park)WSFNew York -New Jersey representatives
1903-1915Watertown Red and BlacksWSFUpstate New York representatives- joined NYPFL in 1916
1903Orange Athletic ClubWSFNew Jersey representatives
OHIO FOOTBALL LEAGUE ERA (1904-1919)
1904-1918Akron ProsOLFounder member of APFA in 1919
1904-1919Muncie FlyersIndianaJoined APFA in 1920
1905-1918Canton BulldogsOLFounder member of APFA in 1919
1905-1920Minneapolis MarinesMinnesotaJoined APFA in 1921
1906-1907Calgary City RFCChanged Name to Calgary Tigers
1907-1924Ottawa Rough RidersIRFUChanged Name to Ottawa Senators
1907-1940Toronto ArgonautsIRFUJoined ECRFU
1907Edmonton RFCChanged Name to Edmonton Esquimaux
1908-1929Calgary TigersChanged Name to Calgary Altomah-Tigers
1908-1909Edmonton EsquimauxChanged Name to Edmonton Eskimos
1910-1921Toledo MaroonsOLJoined NFL in 1922
1911-1921Youngstown PatriciansIndependentClaimed World Championship in 1915. Joined NFL in 1922
1912-1920Cincinnati CeltsOLJoined APFA in 1921
1916-1918Dayton TrianglesOLFounder members of APFA in 1919
1916-1968Watertown Red and BlackNYPFLJoined EFL in 1969
1917ChicagoPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917New YorkPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917DetroitPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917PittsburghPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917IndianapolisPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917ClevelandPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1917ColumbusPFLSecond attempt at a National Pro League – never started
1919Green Bay PackersIndependentJoined APFA in 1921
AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION ERA (1920-1922)
1920-1922Akron ProsAPFAFounder members of APFA; Changed Name to Akron Indians in 1923
1920-1926Canton BulldogsAPFAFounder members of APFA; NFL reduced number of teams
1920Cleveland IndiansAPFAFounder members of APFA; did not play
1920-1929Dayton TrianglesAPFAFounder members of APFA
1920Decatur StaleysAPFABecame Chicago Staleys (APFA)
1920-1923Buffalo All-AmericansAPFAreplaced by Buffalo Bisons
1920-1928Chicago Cardinals (Normal Park)APFAmoved to Comiskey Park, Chicago
1920-1925Rock Island IndependentsAPFA / NFLLeft NFL to join AFL
1920-1925Rochester JeffersonsAPFA / NFLLeft NFL
1920Detroit HeraldsAPFAreplaced by Detroit Tigers
1920Cleveland TigersAPFAreplaced by Cleveland Indians
1920Chicago TigersAPFAleft NFL
1920-1926Hammond ProsAPFA / NFLNFL reduced number of teams
1920-1922Columbus PanhandlesAPFA / NFLreplaced by Columbus Tigers
1920Muncie FlyersAPFALeft APFA
1921Chicago StaleysAPFAChanged Name to Chicaho Bears
1921-1922Evansville Crimson GiantsAPFA / NFLLeft NFL
1921-1932Green Bay PackersAPFA / NFLJoint Home in Green Bay and Milwaukee from 1933
1921Cleveland IndiansAPFALeft APFA
1921Washington SenatorsAPFALeft APFA
1921Cincinnati CeltsAPFALeft APFA
1921-1924Minneapolis MarinesAPFA / NFLLeft NFL
1921Detroit TigersAPFALeft APFA
1921Tonawanda KardexAPFALeft APFA
1921-1923Louisville BrecksAPFA / NFLLeft NFL
1921New York GiantsAPFAFirst Football team called Giants in New York; Left APFA
1922-1973Chicago BearsNFLPlayed at Wrigley Field; moved to Soldier Field in 1974
1922-1923Toledo MaroonsNFLMoved tio Kenosha in 1924
1922-1924Racine LegionNFLLeft NFL after 1924
1922-1926Milwaukee BadgersNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1922-1923Oorang IndiansNFLNative American Team sponsored by Oorang Dog Kennels – left NFL after 1923
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE EARLY ERA (1922-1929)APFA renamed National Football League
1923-1929Calgary 50th BattalionWIFUrenamed Calgary Altomah-Tigers
1923-1925Duluth KelleysNFLBecame Duluth Eskimos
1923-1926Columbus TigersNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1923St. Louis All-StarsNFLLeft NFL after 1923
1923-1926Akron IndiansNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1924-1947Regina RoughridersSRFURenamed Saskatchewan Roughriders
1924-1927Cleveland BulldogsNFLLeft NFL after 1927
1924-1931Frankford Yellow JacketsNFLLeft NFL after 1931
1924-1925Buffalo BisonsNFLreplaced by Buffalo Rangers
1924-1926Columbus TigersNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1924Kansas City BluesNFLreplaced by Kansas City Cowboys
1924Kenosha MaroonsNFLmoved to Pottsville
1925-1926Ottawa SenatorsORFUChanged Name Back to Ottawa Rough Riders
1925-1928Pottsville MaroonsNFLLeft NFL
1925-1926Detroit PanthersNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1925-1972New York GiantsNFLmoved to New Haven, Connecticut in 1973
1925-1931Providence Steam RollerNFLLeft NFL
1925-1926Kansas City CowboysNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1926Los Angeles BuccaneersNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1926-1927Duluth EskimosNFLLeft NFL
1926Buffalo RangersNFLRenamed Buffalo Bisons
1926Hartford BluesNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1926Brooklyn LionsNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1926Racine TornadoesNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1926Louisville ColonelsNFLNFL reduced number of teams
1927-1955Ottawa Rough RidersORFUFounder membder of Canadian Football Council
1927-1928New York YankeesNFLreplaced by NY Yankees teanm in AFL
1928Detroit WolverinesNFLLeft NFL
1929Boston BulldogsNFLLeft NFL
1929Chicago CardinalsNFLplayed at Comiskey Field, Chicago; moved to St. Louis
1929-1930Minneapolis Red JacketsNFLLeft NFL
1929Orange TornadoesNFLmoved to Newark, NJ
1929-1932Staten Island StapletonsNFLLeft NFL
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP ERA (1930-1942)
1930-1931Calgary Altomah-TigersWIFURenamed Calgary Altomahs
1930-1935Winnipegs RFCMRFURenamed Winnipeg Blue Bombers
1930-1943Brooklyn DodgersNFLRenamed Brooklyn Tigers
1930Newark TornadoesNFLLeft NFL
1931-1932Portsmouth SpartansNFLmoved to Detroit and renamed Lions
1931Cleveland IndiansNFLLeft NFL
1932-1934Calgary AltomahsWIFUrenamed Calgary Bronks
1932Boston BravesNFLrenamed Boston Redskins
1933-1936Boston RedskinsNFLmoved to Washington
1933-1934Cincinnati RedsNFLLeft NFL after 8 games in 1934
1933-1942; 1944-1970Philadelphia EaglesNFLmerged with Pittsburgh for one Season; moved to Veterans Stadium in 1971
1933-1940Pittsburgh PiratesNFLrenamed Pittsburgh Steelers
1933-1956Green Bay PackersNFLshared home with Milwaukee; moved into Lambeau Field in 1957
1934-1974Detroit LionsNFLmoved into Pontiac Silverdome
1934St. Louis GunnersNFLreplaced Cincinnati Reds for last three games of season
1935-1944Calgary BronksWIFUrenamed Calgary Stampeders
1936-1942Winnipeg Blue BombersWIFUrenamed Winnipeg RCAF Bombers for WWII
1936Cleveland RamsAFLjoined NFL
1937-1945Cleveland RamsNFLmoved to Los Angeles
1937-1960Washington RedskinsNFLmoved to RFK Stadium
1938-1955Edmonton EskimosWIFUBecame founder members of the Canadian Football Council
1938Philadelphia EaglesNFLplayed a home game in Johnstown, PA
1938Pittsburgh PiratesNFLplayed a home game in Charlerston, WVA
1938Philadelphias EaglesNFLplayed a home game in Buffalo, NY
1939Pro All-StarsNFLplayed against NFL champions in Pro Bowl at Los Angeles
1940-1942Hamilton WildcatsORFUrenamed Hamilton Flying Wildcats
1940-1941NFL All-StarsNFLplayed against NFL Champions in Pro Bowl at Los Angeles
1940-1942; 1944-1969Pittsburgh SteelersNFLmerged with Philadelphias Eagles for one game in 1943; moved to AFC in 1970
1941-1955Toronto ArgonautsECRFUbecame founder members of Canadian Football Council
1942NFL All-StarsNFLplayed NFL Champions in Pro Bowl at New York
1942Chicago CardinalsNFLplayed a game in Buffalo, NY
1942NFL All-StarsNFLplayed NFL Champions in Pro Blowl at Philadelphia
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE WAR ERA (1943-1957)
1943-1947Hamilton Flying WildcatsORFUrenamed Hamilton Wildcats
1943Winnipeg RCAF BombersWIFUrenamed Winnipeg No. 3 Wireless School Bombers
1943Phil-Pitt SteaglesNFLSingle season merger of Philadelphias Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers
1944Winnipeg No. 3 Wireless Scholol BombersWSLrenamed back to Winnipeg Blue Bombers
1944Boston YanksNFLmerged with New York
1944Brooklyn TigersNFLJoined AFL
1944Card-PittNFLSingle season merger of Chicago Casrdinals and Pittsburgh Steelers
1945Boston-New York YanksNFLrenamed back Boston Yanks
1945-1948Boston YanksNFLmoved to New York and renamed Bulldogs
1945Montreal HornetsIRFUrenamed Montreal Alouettes
1945Calgary StampedersWIFUBecame founder members of Canadian Football Council
1946Montreal AlouettesIRFUbecame founder members of Canadian Football Clouncil
1946-1979Los Angles RamsNFLmoved to Anaheim, Orange County, but remained named Los Angeles
1946-1949Cleveland BrownsAAFCJoined NFL
1946-1949San Francisco 49ersAAFCJoined NFL
1947-1949Baltimore ColtsAAFCJoined NFL
1948-1955Saskatchewan RoughridersWIFUBecame Founder members of Canadian Football Council
1948-1949Hamilton WildcatsIRFUMerged with Hamilton Tigers to form Hamilton Tiger-Cats
1949New York BulldogsNFLreplaced by New York Yanks
1950Hamilton Tiger-CatsIRFUBecame Founder members of Canadian Football Council
1950New York YanksNFLreplaced by Dallas Texans
1951-1953American ConferenceNFLplayed National Conference in Pro Bowl in Los Angeles
1951-1953National ConferenceNFLplayed American Conference in Pro Bowl in Los Angeles
1952Dallas TexansNFLreplaced by Baltimore Colts (NFL)
1953-1969Baltimore ColtsNFLmoved to AFC
1954-1970NFL EastNFLplayed NFL West in Pro Bowl in Los Angeles
1954-1970NFL WestNFLplayed NFL East in Pro Bowl in Los Angeles
1954British Columbia LionsWIFUBecame founder members of Canadian Football Council
AMERICAN FOOTBALL LEAGUE ERA (1956-1966)
1956British Columbia LionsCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Calgary StampedersCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Edmonton EskimosCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Saskatchewan RoughridersCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Winnipeg Blue BombersCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Hamilton Tiger-CatsCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Toronto ArgonautsCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Ottawa Rough RidersCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1956Montreal AlouettesCFCCFC renamed CFL in 1958
1957-presentGreen Bay PackersNFLplayed at Lambeau Field.
1960-1962Dallas TexansAFLmoved to Kansas City and renamed Chiefs
1960-2000Denver BroncosAFLmoved into Sports Authority Field at Mile High
1960-1995Houston OilersAFLmoved to Memphis and became Tennessee Oilers
1960Los Angeles ChargersAFLmoved to San Diego
1960-1962New York TitansAFLrenamed New York Jets
1960-1972Buffalo BillsAFLmoved to Orchard Park, NY, still named Buffalo Bills in 1973
1960-1970Boston PatriotsAFLrenamed New England Patriots
1960-1970Dallas CowboysNFLplayed at Cotton Bowl, Dallas; moved to Texas Stadium, Irving, TX in 1971.
1960-1987St. Louis CardinalsNFLmoved to Phoenix, AZ
1960-1964AFL EastAFLplayed AFL West in AFL Pro Bowl at San Diego
1960-1964AFL WestAFLplayed AFL East in AFL Pro Bowl at San Diego
1961-2008Minnesota VikingsNFLplayed at Metrodome, Minneapolis; moved to TCF Bank Stadium, Minneapolis in 2009
1961-2018San Diego ChargersAFLmoved to Los Angeles.
1961-1996Washington Redskins (RFK Stadium)NFLmoved to Landover, Maryland in 1997, remained Washington Redskins
1963-2071Kansas City ChiefsAFLmoved into Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City in 1972
1963-1983New York JetsAFLmoved into Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ in 1984.
1965AFL EastAFLplayed AFL West in Pro Bowl at Houston, TX.
1965AFL WestAFLplayed AFL East in Pro Bowl at Houston, TX
1966AFL All-StarsAFLplayed AFL Champions in Pro Bowl at Houston
1966-1991Atlanta FalconsNFLmoved into Georgia Dome, Atlanta, GA
1966-1986Miami DolphinsAFLmoved to Miami Gardens, FL, still named Miami Dolphins,.
1967AFL EastAFLplayed AFL West in Pro Bowl at Oakland
1967AFL WestAFLplayed AFL East in Pro Bowl at Oakland
NFL SUPERBOWL ERA (1967-
1967-1974New Orleans SaintsNFLmoved into Superdome, New Orleans in 1974
1968-1969AFL EastAFLplayed AFL West in Pro Bowl at Jacksonville, FL
1968-1969AFL WestAFLplayed AFL East in Pro Bowl at Jacksonville, FL
1968-1999Cincinnati BengalsAFLmoved into Paul Brown Stadium, Cincinnati
1969Watertown Red and BlackEFLjoined Empire Football League from New York Professional Football League
1970AFL EastAFLplayed AFL West in Pro Bowl at Astrodome Houston, TX
1970AFL WestAFLplayed AFL East in Pro Bowl at Astrodome, Houston, TX
1970Houston OilersNFLmoved into Astrodome, NFL
1970-2000Pittsburgh SteelersNFL (AFC)Joined AFC in 1970; moved into Heinz Field, Pittsburgh in 2001
1970-1983Baltimore ColtsNFL (AFC)Joined AFC in 1970; moved to Indianapolis in 1984
1970-1995Cleveland BrownsNFL (AFC)Joined AFC in 1970; moved to Baltimore in 1996
1971-2001New England PatriotsNFLmoved to Foxborough, MASS, in 2002
1971-2008Dallas Cowboys (Irving, TX)NFLplayed at Cowboys Stadium, Irving, TX until they moved to Cowboys Stadium Arlington, TX, in 2009
1971-2001Philadelphia Eagles (Veterans Stadium)NFLTeam moved into Lincoln Financial Field’ Philadelphia in 2002
1972-2009Kansas City Chiefs (Arrowhead)NFLmoved into renovated Arrowhead Stadium in 2010
1973-1974New York Giants (New Haven)NFLmoved to Shea Stadium in 1975
1973Buffalo Bills (Orchard Park)NFLplayed at nearby Orchard Park, NY)
1974-presentChicago BearsNFLplayed at Soldier Field, Chicago.
1975-2001Detroit Lions (Pontiac)NFLmoved to Ford Field, Detroit, in 2002
1975-2004New Orleans Saints (Superdome)NFLplayed games in San Antonio, TX and Baton Rouge, LA, in 2005
1975New York Giants (Shea Stadium)NFLmoved to Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ in 1976
1976-1977Tampa Bay BuccaneersNFL (AFC)Joined NFC in 1978
1976-1977Seattle SeahawksNFL (NFC)Joined AFC in 1978
1976-2009New York Giants (East Rutherford, NJ)NFLmoved into Met Life Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ, in 2010
1978-1997Tampa Bay BuccaneersNFLmoved into Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, FL, in 1978
1978-2001Seattle Seahawks (Kingdome)NFLmoved into Century Link Field, Renton, WA in 2002
1979-2013NFC All-Stars (Honolulu)NFLPlayed AFC All-Stars in Pro Bowl inj Honolulu, HW
1979-2013AFC All-Stars (Honolulu) NFLPlayed NFC All-Stars in Pro Bowl inj Honolulu, HW
1980-1994Los Angeles Rams (Anaheim)NFLMoved to St. Louis, MI, in 1995
1982-1985Montreal ConcordesCFLRenamed Montreal Alouettes in 1986
1982-1994Los Angeles RaidersCFLmoved back to Oakland in 1995
1984-2007Indianapolis ColtsNFLmoved into Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis in 2008
1984-2009New York Jets (East Rutherford, NJ)NFLmoved into Met Life Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ in 2010
1986Montreal AlouettesCFLfolded after 1986
1987-presentMiami Dolphins (Miami Gardens, FL)NFL
1988-1993Phoenix CardinalsNFLmoved into University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, AZ
WORLD LEAGUE OF AMERICAN FOOTBALL ERA (1991-1995)
1991-1992Barcelona DragonsWLAF / NFLEmoved to Cologne, renamed Centurions 2004
1991-1992Birmingham FireWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1991-2007Frankfurt GalaxyWLAF / NFLENFL folded NFLE after 2007 season
1991-1997London MonarchsWLAF / NFLEteam renamed England Monarchs in 1998
1991-1992Montreal MachineWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1991-1992New York / New Jersey KnightsWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1991-1992Orlando ThunderWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1991Raleigh-Durham SkyhawksWLAFmoved to Columbus Ohio, in 1992, became Ohio Glory
1991-1992Sacramento SurgeWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1991-1992San Antonio RidersWLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1992Ohio Glory (Columbus)WLAFNFL folded WLAF after 1992 season
1993-1994Sacramento Gold MinersCFLfolded after 1994
1994Baltimore CFL ColtsCFLchanged name to Baltimore Football Team in 1995
1994-1995Las Vegas PosseCFLfolded after 1995
1994-1995Shreveport PirastesCFLfolded after 1995
1994-2005Arizona Cardinals (Glendale)CFLmoved into University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, AZ in 2006
1995-2007Amsterdam AdmiralsWLAF / NFLENFL folded NFLE after 2007 season
1995-2007Rhein Fire (Dusseldorf)WLAF / NFLENFL folded NFL E after 2007 season
1995-1999Scottish Claymores (Edinburgh)WLAF / NFLErenamed Scotland Claymores after move to Glasgow
1995Baltimore Football TeamCFL Southplayed one game as Baltimore FT before renamed Baltimore Stallions
1995Birmingham BarracudasCFL Southfolded after 1995
1995Memphis Mad DogsCFL Southfolded after 1995
1995Baltimore StallionsCFL Southmoved to Montreal, renamed Alouettes in 1996
1995-presentBritish Columbia LionsCFL NorthCFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentCalgary StampedersCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentEdmonton EskimosCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentSaskatchewan RoughridersCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentWinnipeg Blue BombersCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentHamilton Tiger-CatsCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentToronto ArgonautsCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-1998Ottawa Rough RidersCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
1995-presentMontreal AlouettesCFL North CFL renamed CFL North 1995 for one season after addition of USA teams (CFL South)
NFL EXPANSION ERA (1995-2002)
1995-presentCarolina Panthers (Charlotte, NC)NFL
1995-presentJacksonville JaguarsNFLplayed one game a year in London from 2013
1995-2018St. Louis RamsNFLmoved back to Los Angeles in 2019
1995-2019Oakland RaidersNFLmoved to Las Vegas, NV
1996-presentBaltimore RavensNFL
1997Tennessee Oilers (Memphis)NFLplayed one season in Memphis before moving on to Nashville
1998England Monarchs (Birmingham)NFLplayed part of season in Bristiol, ENG, before NFL moved team to Berlin, renamed them Thunder
1998England Monarchs (Bristol)NFLplayed part of season in Bristiol, ENG, before NFL moved team to Berlin, renamed them Thunder
1998Tennessee Oilers (Nashville)NFLplayed one season in Nashville as Oilers before renamed Tennessee Titans
1998Tampa Bay BuccaneersNFLplayed at Raymond James Stadium, Tampa
1999-2007Berlin ThunderNFLNFL folded NFLE after 2007 season
1999-presentCleveland BrownsNFLNFL gave Cleveland their team and Browns history backafter team moved to Baltimore in 1996.
1999-presentTennessee Titans (Nashville)NFL
2000-2004Scotland Claymores (Glasgow)NFLETeam moved to Hamburg, GER, renamed Sea Devils in 2005
2000-presentCincinnati BengalsNFLTeam moved into Paul Brown Stadium in 2000
2001-presentDenver BroncosNFLTeam moved into Sports Authority Field at Mile High in 2001
2001-presentPittsburgh Steelers (Heinz Stadium)NFLTeam moved into Heinz Stadium, Pittsburgh in 2001.
2002-2006Ottawa RenegadesCFLFolded after 2006 season
2002-presentHouston TexansNFLExpansion team to replace Houston Oilers
2002-presentNew England Patriots (Foxborough)NFLTeam moved into new Stadium in Foxborough, MASS in 2002
2002-presentDetroit Lions (Ford Field)NFLTeam moved back to Detroit, at Ford Field in 2002
2002-presentSeattle Seahawks (Renton / Century Link)NFLTeam moved into new Stadium at Century Link Field in 2002, and new Offices at Renton, WA.
2003-presentPhiladelphia Eagles (Lincoln Financial)NFLTeam moved into new Stadium at Lincoln Financial Field, Phialdelphia in 2003
2004-2007Cologne CenturionsNFLENFL folded NFLE after 2007 season
2005-2007Hamburg Sea DevilsNFLENFL folded NFLE after 2007 season
2005New Orleans Saints (San Antonio)NFLSaints played part of 2005 season in San Antonio, TX after Hurricane Karina.
2005New Orleans Saints (Baton Rouge)NFLSaints played part of 2005 season in Baton Rouge, LA, after Hurricane Katrina.
2005Arizona Cardinals (Mexico City)NFLICardinals played one home game in Mexico City in 2005 as part of NFL International program.
2006Arizona Cardinals (Glendale, AZ)NFLCardinals moved into New University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona in 2006.
2007Miami Dolphins (London, ENG)NFLIDolphins played regular season games in London in 2007 and 2017 as part of the NFL International Series
2008New Orleans Saints (London, ENG)NFLISaints played regular season games in London in 2008 as part of the NFL International Series
2008-2013Buffalo Bills (Toronto, CA)NFLIBills played a home regular season game every year in Toronto as part of the NFL international Series from 2008-2013
NFL INTERNATIONAL ERA (2009-2018)
2009Dallas Cowboys (Arlington, TX)NFLCowboys moved into a bnew Stadium, Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, TX in 2009.
2009Minnesota Vikings (TCF Bank Stadium)NFLVikinmgs moved into TCF Bank Stadium, Minneapolis in 2009
2009Tampa Bay Buccaneers (London, ENG)NFLIBuccaneers played home regular season games in London as part of the NFL International Series in 2009
2010New York Giants (Met Life Stadium)NFLGiants moved into new Met Life Stadium home in East Ruherford, NJ in 2010
2010New York Jets (Met Life Stadium)NFLJets moved into new Met Life Stadium home in East Rutherford, NJ in 2010.
2010Kansas City Chiefs (Arrowhead)NFLChiefs moved into newly renovated Arrowhead Stadium in 2010.
2012St. Louis Rams (London, ENG)NFLIRams played home regular season games in London, England as part of the NFL International Series in 2012
2013Jacksonville Jaguars (London, ENG)NFLI“Union Jags” played one home regular season game a year in London, England from 2013-2019 as part of the NFL International Series
2013Minnesota Vikings (London, ENG)NFLIVikings played a home regular seasion game in England in 2013 as part of the NFL International Serie
2014Team Rice (Honolulu, HW)NFLTeam Rice played Team Sanders in the NFL Pro Bowl in Hawaii from 2014
2014Team Sanders (Honolulu, HW)NFLTeam Sanders played Team Rice in the NFL Pro Bowl in Hawaii from 2014
2014Ottawa REDBLACKSCFLlatest attempt at replacing Rough Riders
2014San Francisco 49ers (Santa Clara, CA)NFL49ers moved into a new home in Santa Clara, a suburb of San Jose in 2014
2014Oakland Raiders (London, ENG)NFLIRaiders played a home regular season match in London, England in 2014 as part of the NFL International Series
2014Atlanta Falcons (London, ENG)NFLIFalcons played a home regular season match in London, ENG, in 2014 as part of the NFL International Series
2015Kansas City Chiefs (London, ENG)NFLIChiefs played a home regular season match in London, ENG, in 2015 as part of the NFL International Series
2016Condores CDMXLFAM
2016Eagles CDMXLFAMrenamed Mexicas CDMX in 2017
2016Mayas CDMXLFAMmoved to Puebla in 2018
2016Raptors EdomexLFAM
2016Cincinnati Bengals (London, ENG)NFLIBengals played home regular season match in London, ENG, in 2016 as part of the NFL International Series
2016Oakland Raiders (Mexico City, MX)NFLIRaiders played home regular season match in Mexico City in 2016 and 2017 as part of the NFL International Series
2017Dinos SaltilloLFAM
2017Fundidores MonterreyLFAM
2017Mexicas CDMXLFAM
2017Cleveland Browns (London, ENG)NFLIBrowns played home regular season match in London, ENG in 2017 as part of the NFL International Series
2018Artilleros PueblaLFAM
2018MayasLFAM
2018Osos TolucaLFAM
2018Los Angeles RamsNFLRams moved back to Los Angeles in 2018
2018Los Angeles ChargersNFLChargers moved back to Los Angeles in 2018
2018Los Angeles Chargers (London, ENG)NFLIChargers played home regular season match in London, ENG in 2018 as part of the NFL International Series
2019Pioneros QueretaroLFAM
NFL RENAMING ERA (2019-Present)
2019Los Angeles Chargers (Mexico City, MX)NFLIChargers played home regular season match in Mexico City in 2019 as part of the NFL International Series
2020Las Vegas RaidersNFLOakland Raiders moved into their present home in Las Vegas in 2020
2020Edmonton Football TeamCFLEdmonton Football Team renamed Elks in 2021
2020Washington Football TeamNFLWashington FT to be renamed in 2022
2021Barcelona DragonsELFresurrected team from NFLE
2021Berlin ThunderELFresurrected team from NFLE
2021Cologne CenturionsELFresurrected team from NFLE
2021Frankfurt GalaxyELFresurrected team from NFLE
2021Hamburg Sea DevilsELFresurrected team from NFLE
2021Leipzig KingsELFnew team in European League of Football which borrows London Monarchs name and changes it slightly
2021Panthers WroclawELFPolish team which joined the European League of Football from the East European Super League
2021Stuttgart SurgeELFGerman team which uses the old Sacramento Surge WLAF name
2021Edmonton ElksCFLCurrent name of Team
[NFL, CFL, LFAM, NFLE names and Homes 1873-2021

Report

One thing about North American Professional Sports that strikes the reader in Europe, ins gthe regularity with which teams, move or change name or league. The above list is an attempt to provide an deasy and ready guide for Irish, British and European readers whjo are curious as to where teams once played and where they play now, from the Canadian Football League (1873 to present in its various forms), the World Series of Football (1902-1903), the first attempt at a National Football League in 1902, The American Professional Football Association (1920-1922), which was renamed the National Football League in 1923, through to the American Football League (1960-1969) which merged with the NFL in 1970, thus starting the Super Bowl bewtween the two Leagues, and on to the NFL Europe League which the NFL started as the World League of American Football in 1991 and lasted until 2007, to the NFL International Series (2005-2019) and from 2016 the Liga de Futbol Americano Mexico to the present-day renaming era.

ARLINGTON, USA - SEP 15, 2015: Interior view of the AT&T Stadium, formerly known as Cowboys Stadium in Arlington. Texas, United States [Photo Credit; David J. Maldonaldo on Shutterstock.com]
ARLINGTON, USA – SEP 15, 2015: Interior view of the AT&T Stadium, formerly known as Cowboys Stadium in Arlington. Texas, United States [Photo Credit; David J. Maldonaldo on Shutterstock.com]

REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] National Football League (2014) “Chronology of Professional Football” 2013 NFL Record & Fact Book. pg. 353

[2] Professional Football Researchers Association | Wayback Machine (2010)  The Coffin Corner Annual Volume 2 (1980)  The First Football World Series Experiment in the Garden https://web.archive.org/web/20101127053946/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-An-054.pdf [Accessed 20 May 2020

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] National Football League (2014) “Chronology of Professional Football” 2013 NFL Record & Fact Book. pg. 353

[2] Professional Football Researchers Association | Wayback Machine (2010)  The Coffin Corner Annual Volume 2 (1980)  The First Football World Series Experiment in the Garden https://web.archive.org/web/20101127053946/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-An-054.pdf [Accessed 20 May 2020

WEBSITES

[1] Braunwart, Bob & Carroll, Bob (1981) The Coffin Corner (1981) Professional Football Researchers Association.3 (7) https://web.archive.org/web/20140822043543/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-07-068.pdf [Accessed 20 July 2018]

[2] Pro Football Archives (2019) Bob Nash [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/playern/nash00200.html [Accessed 11 October 2019]

WEBSITES

[1] National Football League (2014) “Past Standings | 1920-1926” 2014 Official NFL Record & Factbook” pg. 398-399. National football League, Time Home Entertainment. 2014.

[2] The Growth of a Game (2015) The Complete List of European NFL Players [Internet] Available from: https://www.growthofagame.com/2015/03/the-complete-list-of-european-nfl-players/ [Accessed 11 October 2019]

[3] Pro Football Archives (2019) Detroit Heralds 1920 [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1920apfadet.html [Accessed 11 October 2019]

[4] Arizona Cardinals (2020) Schedule [1920] [Internet] Available from: https://www.azcardinals.com/schedule/1920/ [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[5]  Marc S. Maltby, The Coffin Corner Vol. 14 No. 4, Pro Football Researchers Association (1992) Evansville 1920-1922: The Early Stuggles of Professional Football – [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/14-04-466.pdf   [Accessed 18 September 2020]

[6] Arizona Cardinals | Wayback Machine (2009) All-Time Results [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090914231608/http://www.azcardinals.com/history/all-time-results.html [Accessed 19 september 2020]

[7] Bob Carroll, The Coffin Corner Vol. 4 No. 12, Pro Football Researchers Association (1982) Akron Pros 1920 – [Internet] Available from: https://www.webcitation.org/65r52lUNU?url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-12-119.pdf  Accessed 18 September 2020]

[8] Chicago Bears (2020) Schedule [1920] [Internet] available from: https://www.chicagobears.com/schedule/1920/ [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[10] Google News: Youngsown Vindicator, October 4, 1920. Canton Trims Pitcairn Team [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGxKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QYYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2868%2C2793544 [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[11] Google News: Youngsown Vindicator, October 11, 1920. pg. 10 Canton Stops Toledo Eleven [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201011&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[12] Google News: Youngsown Vindicator, October 11, 1920. pg. 10 Panhandles lose to Akron [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201011&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[13] Google News: Toledo News-Bee, October 18, 1920. Canton beats Cleveland [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-u9XAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BEUNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4221%2C2532398 [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[14] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, October 25, 1920. pg. 11 Thorpe saves Canton Eleven with 2 Goals [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201025&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[15] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, November 1, 1920. pg. 15 Akron Takes Canton in Great Game [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MC1KAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_YUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3302%2C1526680 [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[16] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, November 22, 1920. pg. 15 Canton Downs Buffalo Team [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201122&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[17] Google News: The Sunday Chronicle, December 5, 1920. pg. 15 Tigers tame Thorpe’s Bulldogs [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aO9WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fkINAAAAIBAJ&pg=1212,1102615&dq=canton+bulldogs&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[18] NFL | WAyback Machine (2010) Thanksgiving serves up classic games [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100410093827/http://www.nfl.com/thanksgiving/story?id=09000d5d8045a5e3&template=without-video&confirm=true [accessed 19 september 2020]

[19] New York Times December 5, 1920 All-Americans win Pro Gridiron Game [Internet] Available from: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/12/05/102991292.pdf [acessed 19 september 2020] [See PDF]

[20] Pro Football Archives (2020) New Haven Washington Glees [Internet] available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1920newhwa.html [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[21] Pro Football Archives (2020) Phoenixville Union AA [Internet] available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1920uni.html [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[22] Rochester Jeffersons (2020) 1920 Season {Internet] Available from: http://kencrippen.com/Jeffersons/1920_Rochester_Jeffersons.pdf [Accessed 19 September 2020][See PDF]

[23] Dayton Triangles (2020) Dayton APFA / NFL Summary [Internet] Available from: https://daytontriangles.com/dayton-apfa-nfl-franchise-summary/ [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[24] Dayton Triangles (2020) Dayton APFA / NFL Summary [Internet] Available from: https://daytontriangles.com/dayton-apfa-nfl-franchise-summary/ [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[25] Dayton Triangles (2020) Dayton APFA / NFL Clubs Official Games [Internet] Available from: https://daytontriangles.com/dayton-apfa-nfl-clubs-official-games-1920-1929/ [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[26] Bills Backers | Wayback Machine (2001) History of Pro football in Western New York 1920-1939 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20010425091533/http://www.billsbackers.com/1920s.htm [accessed 19 September 2020]

[27] Sports Encyclopedia (2020) Muncie Flyers [Internet] Available from: https://sportsecyclopedia.com/nfl/muncie/flyers.html [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[28] Roy Sye, The Coffin Corner Vol. 24 No. 3, Pro Football Researchers Association (2002) Muncie Flyers 1920 – [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/24-03-937.pdf  Accessed 18 September 2020]

[29] Google News: Toledo News-Bee, November 1, 1920 pg. 11. Brickley Boy Wins for Cleveland [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=k_8v9Q84L5sC&dat=19201101&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[30] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, November 29, 1920. pg. 15 Pat’s defeat Panhandles in last game [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201129&printsec=frontpage&hl=en  [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[31] Case Western Reserve University (2020) Cleveland Tigers [Internet] Available from: https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-tigers [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[32] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, November 15, 1920. pg. 15 Patricians defeat St. Edwards at Idora 10-0 [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=pqgf-8x9CmQC&dat=19201122&printsec=frontpage&hl=en [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[33] Detroit Free Press. October 11, 1920. p. 13. “Heralds Trim Panthers 40-14: Vogel, Cleveland Star Right Halfback, in Hospital From Injuries”

[34] Detroit Free Press. October 18, 1920. p. 11. “FLUKY KICKS GIVE CHICAGO THE GAME: Detroit Heralds Lose Hard Fought Game, 12 to 0”

[35] Detroit Free Press. October 25, 1920. p. 12. “Heralds Get Lonely Tally: Fitzgerald Intercepts Forward Pass, Runs 85 Yards to Beat Pan Handles; Local Team Plays Good Game as Do the Visitors; Big Crowd Out”

[36] Detroit Free Press. November 1, 1920. p. 15. “HERALDS BEATEN BY LARGE SCORE: Three Blocked Punts Turn Detroit Team Back”

[37] Detroit Free Press. November 15, 1920. p. 14. “Heralds Draw at Ft. Wayne”

[38] Detroit Free Press. November 29, 1920. p. 11. “No Scoring in Title Battle: Neither Lansing Nor Champion Heralds Are Able to Tally on Muddy Gridiron; Visitors Outgain Locals but Long Forward Pass Almost Beats Them”

[39]  Detroit Free Press. December 6, 1920. p. 11. “EACH ELEVEN SCORES ONCE: Heralds and Maroons Go to 7-7 Tie on Muddy Grid Sunday Afternoon”

[40] Rock Island Independents (2020) 1920 R.I. Independents [Read All About It][1920] [Internet] Available from: http://www.rockislandindependents.com/index_frame.htm [Accessed 18 September 2020]

[41] Decatur Staleys (2020) Staleys [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20050517205446/http://home.comcast.net/~esterneman/sternaman/football.htm [accessed 19 September 2020]

 [42] Bob Carroll, The Coffin Corner Vol. 10 No. 4, Pro Football Researchers Association (1988) George Roudebush – [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20101127053406/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/10-04-344.pdf  Accessed 19 September 2020]

[43] Jim Quirk, The Coffin Corner Vol. 20 No. 1, Pro Football Researchers Association (1998) The Minneapolis Marines – Minnesota’s Forgotten NFL Team – [Internet] Available from:  https://web.archive.org/web/20101218204303/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/20-01-732.pdf Accessed 19 September 2020][Also Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20071210085947/http://footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=marines [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[44] Website (2009) Toledo Maroons [Internet] Available from: https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/krd4052/FootballResearch/ohio/ohtolmar.htm&date=2009-10-26+01:32:02 [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[45] Cleveland (2015) 100 Years ago, were Youngstown Patricians pro football’s world champs? (photos) [Internet] available from: https://www.cleveland.com/browns/2015/11/100_years_ago_youngstown_patri.html [Accessed 20 September 2020]

[46] Google News: Youngsown Vindicator, October 11, 1920 pg. 10. Akron downs “Pats” in close contest [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eGxKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QYYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1462%2C4224078 [Accessed 19 September 2020]

[47] Google News: Youngstown Vindicator, October 4, 1920. pg. 14 Sharon beaten by Patricians [Internet] Available from: https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGxKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QYYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3879%2C2787954  [Accessed 20 September 2020]

WEBSITES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] National Football League (2018) 2018 NFL Record & Factbook | International Games p. 510 [Internet] Available from: http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2018/08/09/0ap3000000946101.pdf [Accessed 9 November 2019]

[2] National Football League (2018) 2018 Scores | Week 6 [Internet] Available from: https://www.nfl.com/scores/2018/REG6 [Accessed 9 November 2019]

[3] National Football League (2018) 2018 Scores | Week 7 [Internet] Available from: https://www.nfl.com/scores/2018/REG7 [Accessed 9 November 2019]

[4] National Football League (2018) 2018 Scores | Week 8 [Internet] Available from: https://www.nfl.com/scores/2018/REG8 [Accessed 9 November 2019]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Decy Maher and Joe Piascik

REFERENCES (CANADIAN FOOTBALL ALMANAC 1875-2012 – DAVID STEWART-CANDY & DAVE CLAMEN)

SOURCES

Ontario Rugby Football Union
Québec Rugby Football Union
Western Canada Rugby Football Union
Manitoba Rugby Football Union
Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union
Alberta Rugby Football Union
British Columbia Rugby Football Union
Canadian Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union
Kingston Rugby Football League
Winnipeg Rugby Football League
Intermediate Champions
CFL Attendance Statistics – All Teams for 1982, 1983, 1986 and 1987
Calgary Stampeders Attendance Statistics 1979
Edmonton Eskimo Attendance Statistics 1966-1987
Montréal Alouettes Attendance Statistics 1977
CFL versus NFL Scores
kindly supplied by David Clamen
Thornhill, Ontario
Canada

Canadian Football League Facts Figures & Records 1986 Edition
Canadian Football League Facts Figures & Records 1994 Edition
Canadian Football League Facts Figures & Records 1995 Edition
Canadian Football League Facts Figures & Records 1996 Edition
Canadian Football League Facts Figures & Records 1997 Edition
published by Canadian Football League
Fifth Floor
110 Elginton Avenue West
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
M4R 1A3
1986-1997 Canadian Football League

Canadian Football League
http://www.cfl.ca

Canadian Football – The Grey Cup Years
written by Frank Cosentino
published by Musson Book Company Limited
Don Mills, Ontario
Canada
1969 Frank Cosentino

A Passing Game – A History of the CFL
written by Frank Cosentino
published by Bain & Cox
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada
1995 Frank Cosentino

100 Years of Canadian Football
written by Gordon Currie
published by Pagurian Press Limited
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
1968 Pagurian Press Limited

Rider Pride – The Story of Canada’s Best-Loved Football Team
written by Bob Calder and Garry Andrews
published by Western Producer Prairie Books
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
1984

Gael Force – A Century of Football At Queen’s
written by Merv Daub
published by McGill-Queen’s University Press
Montréal, Québec & Kingston, Ontario
1996

1995 British Columbia Lions Media Guide
1996 British Columbia Lions Media Guide
published by Jim Dorash
1996 British Columbia Lions Football Club

Montréal Alouettes Guide Média / Media Guide ’86
published by Club de Football Les Alouettes de Montréal
1986

Ottawa Rough Riders ’87 Media Guide / Guide Média
published by the Ottawa Rough Riders Football Club
 1987

Ottawa Rough Riders 1995 Fact Book
published by the Ottawa Rough Riders Football Club
1995 Ottawa Rough Riders

Toronto Argonauts ’89 Yearbook & Media Guide
published by the Toronto Argonauts Football Club
 1989

Sports Logo Guide – Third Edition
written by John M. Fulgano
published by The Sports Fanatic
San Ramon, California
1997 John M Fulgaro

The Vancouver Sun
October 24th 1998
published by Pacific Press
Vancouver, British Columbia

1997 & 1998 Attendance
kindly supplied courtesy of the Saskatchewan Roughriders Football Club

Canadian Junior Football League
http://www.cjfl.ca/

Ottawa Rough Riders Fan Page
http://roughriders.ottawa.com/history/coachrecord.html

Professional Football Researchers Association
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/5960/contlg.htm

University of Western Ontario Mustangs
http://members.tripod.com/mustangfootball/overallrecord.htm

Many thanks to Jim Stevenson (Statistician – Ontario Football Conference) for kindly providing OFC material for 1984 to 2000
Many thanks to Mitch Soivenski of Hampton, New Hampshire for submitting errata corrections

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to David Stewart-Candy

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[2] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/home/standings/ [Accessed 20 January 2018]

[3] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Calendario [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/home/calendario/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[4] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/standings/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[5] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Calendario [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/calendario/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[6] American Football International (2016) Mayas Win First Liga de Football Americano Championship Game In Mexico [Internet] available from: http://www.americanfootballinternational.com/mayas-win-first-liga-de-futboll-americano-championship-game-mexico/ [accessed 5 August 2018]

[7] LFA Mexico (2019) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/standings/ [Accessed 15 April 2019]

[8] LFA Mexico (2019) Calendario [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/calendario/[Accessed 13 May 2019]

WEB ARCHIVE

[9] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20161106181310/http://lfa.mx/home/standings/ [Accessed 20 January 2018]

IMAGES

[6] Brands of the World (2018) LFA Logo [Internet] Available from: https://botw-pd.s3.amazonaws.com/styles/logo-thumbnail/s3/012017/untitled-1_0.jpg?itok=is8COLAV [Accessed 1 August 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Todd Zboyan.

REFERENCES

LOGOS

[1] European League of Football Facebook Page (2021) Profile Picture, February 4, 2021 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/europeanleagueoffootball/photos/a.100150555247238/159345569327736/ [Accessed 27 April 2021]

WEBSITES

[2] American Football International (2020) Pro football returns to Europe: European League of Football kicks off in 2021 [Internet] Available from: https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/pro-football-returns-to-europe-european-league-of-football-kicks-off-in-2021/ [Accessed 5 November 2020]

[3] Mailchimp ELF (2021) European League of Football Season Schedule 2021 [Internet] Available from: https://mailchi.mp/468f778ac192/european-league-of-league-of-football-season-schedule-2021?e=8720ab58ac [Accessed 20 April 2021]

[4] European League of Football Facebook Page (2021) Post, 26 April 2021: “The divisions with the updated Leipzig Kings logo!” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/europeanleagueoffootball/photos/a.189040923024867/211338784128414 [Accessed 27 April 2021]

[5] European League of Football (2021) Stats [Internet] Available from: https://europeanleague.football/stats [Accessed 11 July 2021]

[6] European League of Football (2021) Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://europeanleague.football/schedule [Accessed 11 July 2021]

[7] Barcelona Dragons Facebook (2021)Profile Picture: March 24, 2021: 164100830_143302991038424_6685619488922431445_n [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/164100830_143302991038424_6685619488922431445_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-4&_nc_sid=09cbfe&_nc_ohc=7nF5AhntfsEAX9glptP&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=a430079a20cfb0956dd3ea5a7c8db22e&oe=61316F91 [Accessed 11 July 2021]

[8] Panthers Wroclaw Fabecook (2021) profile Picture September 20, 2013 1235513_483738095055993_896136457_n [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/PanthersWroclaw/photos/a.483738081722661/483738095055993/ [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[9] Hamburg Sea Devils Facebook (2021) Profile Picture March 9, 2021: 159505975_122355319823281_3096303558860788527_n [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/HamburgSeaDevils/photos/a.106420621416751/122355316489948 [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[10] Stuttgart Surge Facebook (2021) Profile Picture July 27, 2021: 224860379_157740426432198_682630597869113461_n [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/StuttgartSurgeFootball/photos/a.101150422091199/157740416432199/ [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[11] Leipzig Kings Facebook (2021) Profile Picture April 23, 2021 176481610_124322863083112_5924150060350890678_n [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/105240348324697/photos/a.105240374991361/124322859749779 [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[12] Cologne Centurions Facebook (2021) Profile Picture March 22, 2021 164225775_104312295086165_3866117950552195047_n [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/164225775_104312295086165_3866117950552195047_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-4&_nc_sid=09cbfe&_nc_ohc=q-FxP6s2FecAX8leJ2f&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=b85f562fcd7282fd92b580c46312ec3d&oe=61329D2C [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[13] Frankfurt Galaxy Facebook (2021) Profile Picture April 18, 2021 175159880_127159659432418_8771340701865027771_n  [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/frankfurtgalaxy21/photos/a.100834638731587/127159656099085 [Accessed 6 August 2021]

[14] Berlin Thunder Facebook (2021) Profile Picture May 6, 2021 182443261_131030875743347_4880774321224305568_n  [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/BER.Thunder/photos/a.106909338155501/131030872410014/ [Accessed 6 August 2021]

PHOTOS

[38] ARLINGTON, USA – SEP 15, 2015: Interior view of the AT&T Stadium, formerly known as Cowboys Stadium in Arlington. Texas, United States [Photo Credit; David J. Maldonaldo on Shutterstock.com]

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[1] World League of American Football (2018) download [Internet] Available from: data:image/png;base64,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 Accessed 23 April 2018]

[2] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1991 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id165.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

NEWSPAPERS

[3] Anon. (1991) “Standings” First Down, June 1, 1991, pg. 5

[4] Anon. (1991) “Jon’s too Hort to handle” First Down, June 8, 1991, pg. 4-5

[5] Anglesey, Steve (1991) “Enter the Dragons!” First Down, June 15, 1992, pg. 6-7

WEBSITES

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1992 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id166.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] Anon. (1992) “Standings” First Down, May 30, 1992, pg. 5

[8] Anon. (1992) “What a Drag On!” First Down, June 6, 1992, pg. 4-5

[9] Anglesey, Steve (1992) “Ace Arch has a ball in Montreal” First Down, June 13, 1992, pg. 4-5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Rose McCabe, Ann Hanley, Gabriel McCloyne, Eerson Callender, Peter Lemass, Gerry Tully & Ciaran Simms

REFERENCES

MAGAZINES

[1] Anon. (1996) Claymores Roster / Monarchs Roster First Down. April 13th, 1996. Centre Pages.

[2] FD Reporter (1996) “Kicking Kev Keeps Irish Eyes Smiling: Ex-London ace Hurst hooks up with Kurt Smeby’s Leprechauns” First Down. March 15, 1997.

NEWSPAPERS

[20] Naughton, Lindie (1996) US FOOTBALLEvening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]

WEBSITES

[19] Football Database (2017) Emmett Waldron Career Stats [Internet] Available from: https://www.footballdb.com/players/emmett-waldron-waldrem01/stats [Accessed 2 December 2017]

[20] Irish American Football Association (2010) Jeff Reinebold to give clinics in Ireland [Internet] Available from: https://www.americanfootball.ie/jeff-reinebold-to-give-clinics-in-ireland/ [Accessed 3 August 2018]

[21] Irish American Football Association (2010) Jeff Reinebold to give clinics in Ireland – Picture [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1945124.jpg [Accessed 3 August 2018]

[22] American Football International (2015) The Never Ending Football Journey of Jeff Reinebold [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootballinternational.com/the-never-ending-football-journey-of-jeff-reinebold/ [accessed 4 August 2018]

[23] Wikipedia (2018) Jeff Reinebold [Internet] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Reinebold [Accessed 4 August 2018]

NEWSPAPERS

[11] Naughton, Lindie (1996) “US FOOTBALL”Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]

[12] Anon. (1991) “Standings” First Down. May 25, 1991. Issue 257. pg. 5.

WEBSITES

[1] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[4] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1995 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id170.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[5] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1996 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id171.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1997 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id172.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] Scottish Claymores (1995)1995 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1995.php [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[8] Scottish Claymores (1996)1996 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1996.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[9] Scottish Claymores (1997)1997 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1997.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[12] Football Database (2017) Emmett Waldron Career Stats [Internet] Available from: https://www.footballdb.com/players/emmett-waldron-waldrem01/stats [Accessed 2 December 2017]

IMAGES

[24] World League of American Football (2020) 96claymoresawayjersey50rs.jpg.w300h350 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/96claymoresawayjersey50rs.jpg.w300h350.jpg [Accessed 17 September 2020]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Laura Shadbolt.

NEWSPAPERS

[20] Naughton, Lindie (1996) US FOOTBALL Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]

WEBSITES

[1] Growth of a Game (2014) NFL Europe Logos [Internet] Available from: https://www.growthofagame.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/NFL-Europe-Logo.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[2] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1998 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id173.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[3] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1999 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id174.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[4] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2000 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id175.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[5] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2001 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id176.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2002 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id177.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2003 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id178.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[8] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2004 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id179.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[9] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2005 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id180.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[10] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2006 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id181.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[11] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2007 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id182.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[12] Scottish Claymores (1998)1998 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1998.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[13] Scottish Claymores (1999)1999 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1999.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[14] Scottish Claymores (1999)2000 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/2000.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[15] Scottish Claymores (1999)2001 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/2001.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[16] Scottish Claymores (1999)2002 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/2002.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[17] Scottish Claymores (1999)2003 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1999.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[18] Scottish Claymores (1999)2004 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/2004.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[19] Football Database (2017) Emmett Waldron Career Stats [Internet] Available from: https://www.footballdb.com/players/emmett-waldron-waldrem01/stats [Accessed 2 December 2017]

[20] Irish American Football Association (2010) Jeff Reinebold to give clinics in Ireland [Internet] Available from: https://www.americanfootball.ie/jeff-reinebold-to-give-clinics-in-ireland/ [Accessed 3 August 2018]

[21] Irish American Football Association (2010) Jeff Reinebold to give clinics in Ireland – Picture [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1945124.jpg [Accessed 3 August 2018]

[22] American Football International (2015) The Never Ending Football Journey of Jeff Reinebold [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootballinternational.com/the-never-ending-football-journey-of-jeff-reinebold/ [accessed 4 August 2018]

[23] Wikipedia (2018) Jeff Reinebold [Internet] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Reinebold [Accessed 4 August 2018]

[24] Britball Now (2018) Historical League Tables | NFL Europe [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/historical-league-tables-in/ [Accessed 28 December 2018]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Laura Shadbolt.

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 August 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.