European Football League European Championships 1989

Final Standings

PosPWLPFPAPts F:A
1Great Britain2206284:0
2Finland21114332:2
3Germany2112:2
4Italy2020:2
European Football League European Championships Final standings 1989 [Ref: Compiled from: 1]

Legend: L-R (FW-FL-PF-PA Wins-Finals Losses-Points-For-Points-Against (Finals) OW-OL-PF-PA Overall Wins-Overall Losses-Points-For-Points-Against (Overall))

Finals Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
23.08.1989Great Britain36Germany8
23.08.1989Italy7Finland14
3rd Place
27.08.1989GermanyWItalyL
Final
27.08.1989Finland0Great Britain26
European Football League European Championships 1989 [Ref: 1]

Report

Great Britain, which had threatened to break through into the ranks of the European American Football Elite at the previous European Championships in Finland, showed that they were the new power on the continent, blowing away the opposition, winning 26-0 against Finland in the Final, near Bremerhaven, Germany, with Victor Ebubedike scoring three touchdowns. They had earlier beaten Germany 36-8 in the Semi-Finals, who had to settle for bronze, with defending champions Italy in fourth.

Germany, as hosts, and Italy, as holders, qualified automatically for the Finals, to be held in Bremerhaven, on the North Sea Coast. In the first round of the Qualifiers France and Norway beat the Dutch and Swedes respectively, before falling to the British and Finns.

References

Newspapers

[1] Leadon, Frank (1989) “The European Championship Round-Up” World American Football. 13th September, 1989. pg. ??

Websites

[2] Suomen Amerikkalaisen Jalkapollen Litto (2020) National Teams | Gentlemen | 1989 [Internet] Available from: https://www.sajl.fi/maajoukkueet/miehet/historia/1980-luku-maaottelut/1989/ [Accessed 14 June 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Kevin Smyth, Ian Collins, Ian Clarke, Tony Meenaghan, John Malone, Robert Gorby, Frank Winters, Fergus C. Ryan, Declan Mulvey, Gareth Quigley and John O’Reilly.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

European Football League European Championships 1987

Final Standings

PosPWLTPFPA
1Italy22004032
2West Germamy21106645
3Finland21105967
4Great Britain20203354
European Football League European Championships 1987 [Ref: Compiled from 1-4]

Finals Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
20.08.1987Finland21West Germamy44
20.08.1987Great Britain10Italy16
3rd Place
23.08.1987Finland38Great Britain23
Final
23.08.1987Italy24West Germany22
European Football League European Championships 1987 [Ref: 1-4]

Report

Italy won the 1987 American Football European Championship defeating West Germany 24-22 in the Final in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland. Finland took the Bronze Medal, winning 38-22 against Great Britain in the 3rd Place Playoff.

The Tournament was organised by the European Football League and played as a four-team elimination tournament in Helsinki, Finland from the 20th to 23rd of August.

References

Newspapers

[1] Rowe, Peter (1987) “Mamma Mia! Germans Fall to Roman Empire” First Down. August 29, 1987. pg. 20

[2] Rowe, Peter (1987) “Faller at the first” First Down. August 29, 1987. pg. 19

[3] Anon (1987) “St. Louis scores 3 but Finns take the bronze” First Down. August 29, 1987. pg. 20

[4] Anon. (1987) “On your Markus Becker KO’s the Finns” First Down. August 29, 1987. pg. 20

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Kevin Smyth, Ian Collins, Ian Clarke, Tony Meenaghan, John Malone, Robert Gorby, Frank Winters, Fergus C. Ryan, Declan Mulvey, Gareth Quigley and John O’Reilly.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

National Football League Preseason Matches in Canada 1960-1969

National Football League v Canadian Footbal League Cartoon [Ref: 2]

NFL v CFL Preseason Games 1950-1969

DateLocationNFL TeamCFL Team
15.08.60Toronto, CanadaChicago Bears16New York Giants *7
25.08.69Montreal, CanadaDetroit Lions22Boston Patriots *9
11.09.69Montreal, CanadaPittsburgh Steelers17New York Giants *13
National Football League Preseason Matches in Canada 1960-1969 [Ref: 1]

Report

Between 1950 and 1969 the National Football League played 10 matches in Canada, seven against Canadian Football League teams and three NFL Exhibition matches. In 1960 the first of these National Football League preseason matches was played in Toronto, Canada, with Chicago Bears defeating the New York Giants. There was then a gap until 1969 when a further two matches were played, Detroit Lions winning against Boston Patriots, and Pittsburgh Steelers beating New York Giants.

References:

Websites:

[1] National Football League (2018) 2018 Official National Football League Record & Factbook | International Games | page 510 [Internet] Available from: http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2018/08/09/0ap3000000946101.pdf [Accessed 9 June 2019]

Images

[2] Ninety-Nine Yards, Chris Lawton (2020) An International Fixture: When the CFL played teams from other leagues [Internet] Available from: https://i0.wp.com/ninetynineyards.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2020/04/ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg.jpg?w=824 [Accessed 14 May 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Burns, Steve Hearn, Anton Pippo O’Grady, John Wills, John Morahan & John Kane.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 13 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

National Football League v Canadian Football League 1950-1961

National Football League v Canadian Footbal League Cartoon (Bears v Alouettes) [Ref: 2]

NFL v CFL Preseason Games 1950-1961

DateLocationNFL TeamCFL Team
12.08.50Ottawa, CanadaNew York Giants27Ottawa Rough Riders6
11.08.51Ottawa, CanadaNew York Giants41Ottawa Rough Riders18
05.08.59Toronto, CanadaChicago Cardinals55Toronto Argonauts26
03.08.60Toronto, CanadaPittsburgh Steelers43Toronto argonauts16
02.08.61Toronto, CanadaSt. Louis Cardinals36Toronto Argonauts7
05.08.61Montreal, CanadaChicago Bears34Montreal Alouettes16
08.08.61Hamilton, CanadaBuffalo Bills21Hamilton Tiger-Cats38
National Football League v Canadian Football League 1950-1961 [Ref: 1]

Report

Between 1950 and 1961 the National Football League played 7 matches in Canada against Canadian Football League Opposition. These games were during the NFL preseason, but in the middle of the CFL season. Hamilton Tiger-Cats were the only Canadian team to record a victory – 38-21 versus Buffalo Bills.

References:

Websites:

[1] National Football League (2018) 2018 Official National Football League Record & Factbook | International Games | page 510 [Internet] Available from: http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2018/08/09/0ap3000000946101.pdf [Accessed 9 June 2019]

Images

[2] Ninety-Nine Yards, Chris Lawton (2020) An International Fixture: When the CFL played teams from other leagues [Internet] Available from: https://i0.wp.com/ninetynineyards.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2020/04/ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg.jpg?w=824 [Accessed 14 May 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Burns, Steve Hearn, Anton Pippo O’Grady, John Wills, John Morahan & John Kane.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 13 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

American Football Europe Federation European Championship 1983

Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Qualifying
1983Finland52France0
Semi-Finals
1983Finland33West Germany8
1983ItalyWAustriaL
3rd Place
1983West Germany27France20
Final
1983Italy18Finland6
AFEF European Championship Results 1983 [Ref: 1]

Report

After three International matches between Italy and Germany (even though the Berlin Wall was years from falling down the team referred to itself as Germany, although all players and clubs were from West Germany), a first European Championship was played in Vince Lombardi Stadium, Castelgiorgio, Italy.

Featuring five countries, Italy beat Finland 18-6 in the Final, with West Germany defeating France 27-20 in the 3rd Place match and Austria finishing fifth. (As this was an official tournament Germany played as West Germany).

References

Bibiography

[1] Massimo Foglio with Mark L. Ford (2017), Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. Second Edition “A New World Championship at Vince Lombardi Stadium”. pg. 246. Published by the Author (2015, 2017)

Websites

[2] Suomen Amerikkalaisen Jalkapollen Litto (2020) National Teams | Gentlemen | 1983 [Internet] Available from: https://www.sajl.fi/maajoukkueet/miehet/historia/1980-luku-maaottelut/1983/ [Accessed 13 June 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Kevin Smyth, Ian Collins, Ian Clarke, Tony Meenaghan, John Malone, Robert Gorby, Jim Naughton, Brian Bird and Paul Hynes.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 13 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

European League of American Football 1993

Final Standings

PWLTPFPAPct
Continental Conference
Hamburg Blue Devils330089621.000
Cologne Crocodiles10102131.000
Munich Cowboys1––––––
Manchester Euro Spartans30204158.000
UK Conference
EuroSteelers220046201.000
EuroRaiders21103636.500
EuroMonarchs21104652.500
EuroBears20203656.000
European League – Continental Conference Standings 1993 [Ref: Compiled from 1-3; 5-7]

Note: + One fixture between the Cologne Crocodiles and Hamburg Blue Devils was an exhibition match. The Cologne Crocodiles and Munich Cowboys played in the German Football League in 1993 – they met in the German Bowl, the other Continental Conference Semi-Final. Manchester Spartans and Hamburg Blue Devils left their respective leagues to play in the European League with an ad-hoc schedule apart from two games against each other. Manchester Spartans played as Euro Spartans to signify they were now a European League team.

Continental Conference Final Four Tournament

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
26.09.1993Hamburg Blue Devils41Euro Spartans0
26.09.1993Cologne Crocodiles36Munich Cowboys42 (2ot)
3rd PlaceVenue: Hamburg
02.10.1993Cologne CrocodilesEuro Spartans
FinalVenue: Hamburg
02.10.1993Hamburg Blue Devils53Munich Cowboys30
European League – Continental Conference Final Four Tournament 1993 [Ref: 4-5]

UK Conference Final Four Tournament

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
24.10.1993EuroSteelersLEuroBearsW
24.10.1993EuroRaidersWEuroMonarchsL
Final
31.10.1993EuroBears14EuroRaiders12
European League – UK Conference Final Standings 1993 [Ref: Compiled from 7-8]

Continental Conference Regular Season Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
09.05.1993Manchester Euro Spartans20Hamburg Blue Devils35
Week 3
14.08.1993Hamburg Blue Devils31Cologne Crocodiles21
14.08.1993Munich CowboysManchester Euro Spartans
Week 2
22.08.1993Hamburg Blue Devils23Manchester Euro Spartans21
European League – Continental Conference Regular Season Results 1993 [Ref: 1-3]

UK Conference Regular Season Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
10.10.1993EuroMonarchs14EuroRaiders22
10.10.1993EuroSteelers24EuroBears6
Week 2
17.10.1993EuroBears30EuroMonarchs32
17.10.1993EuroRaiders14EuroSteelers22
European League – UK Conference Regular Season Results 1993 [Ref: Compiled from 5-7]

Report

Terry Smith’s Manchester Spartans entered the European League – Continental Conference in 1993, losing two games to Hamburg Blue Devils. They changed their name to the Euro Spartans to reflect that they were not only playing in a European League now, rather than the BAFA member league the NDMA, but also that they were playing their home games at Saffron Lane in Leicester.

They lost the Semi-Final 0-41 to the Hamburg Blue Devils, who went on to meet the winners of the German Bowl, Munich cowboys, who had defeated Cologne Crocodiles to take the German title. The Hamburg Blue Devils won the Continental Conference Final 31-21. The Hamburg Blue Devils had not played in the German Football League in 1993, only playing an exhibition schedule and Continental Conference matches.

As well as playing in the European League – Continental Conference in 1993 as the Euro Spartans, Terry Smith’s Manchester Spartans organised the European League – UK Conference. Teams were named after NFL teams, but the prefix Euro- added to avoid confusion. All matches were played at Leicester’s Saffron Lane Stadium.

While the Spartans themselves didn’t play in the League, there were four teams: EuroSteelers, EuroRaiders, EuroBears and EuroMonarchs, the last one named after the London Monarchs, who had played in the World League of American Football – a AAA Development League of the NFL – from 1991 to 1992 (and would again play in 1995 when the League returned as a Europe-only league.

The UK Conference had a unusual format – the four teams played a two-game schedule with all four teams qualifying for the playoffs, rather than a 3-game schedule followed by a Final. The EuroSteelers had finished top of the Standings with two wins from two, but lost to the EuroBears (who had lost both matches in the regular season) in the Semi-Finals. The EuroBears then went on to claim the Championship with a 14-12 victory over the EuroRaiders in the Final.

References

Newspapers

[1] Berry, Lee (1993) “Spartans Humbled in Hamburg” First Down. May 15, 1993. pg. 17

[2] (1993) “Happy Campers” First Down. August 14, 1993. pg. 20

[3] Berry, Lee (1993) “Germans Get Away with Blue Murder” First Down. August 28, 1993. pg. 18.

[4] Berry, Lee (1993) “Spartans humble” First Down. October 2, 1993. pg. ??.

Internet Archive

[5] Hamburg Blue Devils Fansite| Wayback Machine (2000) Die Hamburg Blue Devils 1992-2000 {internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/19991012165353/http://devils.de/ [Accessed 13 June 2020]

[6] Cologne Crocodiles (2020) Seniors Saison 1993 [Internet] Available from: https://cologne-crocodiles.de/seniors-saison-1993/ [Accessed 13 June 2020]

Newspapers

[7] Berry, Lee (1993) “They said it couldn’t be done” First Down. October 16, 1993. pg. 20

[8] Berry, Lee (1993) “Nuttall mints it with Raiders” First Down. October 16, 1993. pg. 20.

[9] Berry, Lee (1993) “Semi-Conscience” First Down. October 23, 1993. pg. 20.

[10] Berry, Lee (1993) “Near-Miss!” First Down. November 6, 1993. pg. 21.

Internet Archive

[11] Hamburg Blue Devils | Wayback Machine (1999) Devils History 1993 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/19991012165353/http://devils.de/ +[Accessed 13 June 2020]

[12] Cologne Crocodiles (2020) Seniors Saison 1993 [Internet] Available from: https://cologne-crocodiles.de/seniors-saison-1993/ [Accessed 14 June 2020]

[13] Football-History (2020) GFL 1993 [Internet] Available from: http://www.football-history.de/?fbclid=IwAR2E2J86wMTRYljCjLjwKPjOJOzZHRXsNAo8sSrwuvh5UtckiLU_QLSTQGU [Accessed 14 June 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Shane Mulcahy and Ciaran Simms

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

European Football League Scandinavian Cup 1993

Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-FinalsCophenhagen
05.06.1993Turun Trojans (Fin)WEskilstuna T-Town Tigers (Swe)L
05.06.1993Cophenhagen Towers (Den)WDansk All-Stars (Den)L
Scndinavian Cup FinalCophenhagen
06.06.1993Cophenhagen Towers (Den)7Turun Trojans (Fin)41
European Football League Scndinavian Cup Results 1993 [Ref: 1]

Note: Dansk All-Stars were a Danish All-Star Team assembled hastily to replace the Norwegian entrant, Askey Lynx, pulled out at the last minute.

Report

Finland’s Turun Trojans easily won the European Football League Scandinavian Cup (American Football) with a 41-7 victory over hosts Cophenhagen Towers in the Final. The Trojans had defeated T-Town Tigers from Eskilstuna in Sweden in the Semi-Finals, and the Towers had won the other Semi-final over fellow Danes, the Dansk All-Stars, who were assembled at the last minute due to the late withdrawal of the Norwegian entrant, Askey Lynx.

Newspapers

[1] Anon. (1993) “Flying Dutch in Final” First Down. June 12, 1993. pg. 21.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Lota

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 13 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Major League Gridiron Teams 1873-2022

National, Canadian, Mexican, X and World Teams 1873-2022

NumberTeamYear Founded
Canadian Football League
1Toronto Argonauts1873
3Ottawa Rough Riders1907
7Winnipeg Blue Bombers1930
13Edmonton Eskimoes1938
14Calgary Stampeders1945
15Saskatchewan Roughriders1946
16Montreal Alouettes1946
19Hamilton Tiger-Cats1950
21British Columbia Lions1954
38Atlantic Schooners1982
XFL
2St. Louis Cardinals 1898
12Los Angeles Rams1936
17Cleveland Browns1946
18San Francisco 49ers1946
20Baltimore Colts1953
24Houston Oilers1960
25San Diego Chargers1960
27Buffalo Bills1960
30Oakland Raiders1960
35Cincinnati Bengals1969
National Football League
4Chicago Bears1920
5Green Bay Packers1921
6New York Giants1924
8Detroit Lions1930
9Washington Presidents1932
10Pittsburgh Steelers1933
11Philadelphia Eagles1933
22Kansas City Chiefs1960
23Denver Broncos1960
26New York Jets1960
28New England Patriots1960
29Dallas Cowboys1960
31Minnesota Vikings1961
32Atlanta Falcons1966
33Miami Dolphins1967
34New Orleans Saints1968
36Tampa Bay Buccaneers1976
37Seattle Seahawks1976
39Carolina Panthers 1995
40Jacksonville Jaguars1995
41Baltimore Ravens1996
42Tennessee Titans1997
43Houston Texans2002
52Las Vegas Raiders2020
Liga Football Americano Mexico
44Condors CDMX2016
45Mayas2016
46Mexicas CDMX2016
47Raptors Edomex2016
48Fundidores Monterrey2017
49Artilleros Puebla2018
50Osos Toluca2018
51Pioneros Queretaro2019
National Football League World
53Berlin Colts2022
54Ireland Bengals2022
55London Ravens2022
56Rome Cardinals2022
57Mexico City Browns2022
58Los Angeles Rams2022
59Tokyo Chargers2022
60Toronto Bills2022
National, Canadian, Mexican, X and World Major League Football Teams 1873-2022

Report

This is just a Fantasy League conjecture of what happens after the NFL moves teams to Europe and the Rest of the World, and the XFL replaces them in the USA.

References

Bibliography

[1] National Football League (2014) “Past Standings” 2014 Official NFL Record & Factbook” pg. 350-399. National football League, Time Home Entertainment. 2014.

[2] Maher, Todd & Gill, Bob (2013) Canadian Pro Football EncyclopediaHistorical Highlights pg. 1-2. Maher Sports Media, 2013.

Websites

[3] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/home/standings/ [Accessed 20 January 2018]

[4] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Calendario [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/home/calendario/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[5] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/standings/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[6] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Calendario [Internet] Available from: http://lfa.mx/calendario/ [Accessed 14 April 2018]

[7] American Football International (2016) Mayas Win First Liga de Football Americano Championship Game In Mexico [Internet] available from: http://www.americanfootballinternational.com/mayas-win-first-liga-de-futboll-americano-championship-game-mexico/ [accessed 5 August 2018]

[8] LFA Mexico (2019) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/standings/ [Accessed 15 April 2019]

[10] Liga Football Americano Mexico (2020) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/standings-lfa-2020/ [Accessed 17 April 2020]

Internet Archive

[9] Liga de Futbol Americano Profesional (2018) LFPA Standings [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20161106181310/http://lfa.mx/home/standings/ [Accessed 20 January 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Decy Maher and John Kane.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.AdvertisementsAdvertisements

European American Football NFL Europe Era Timeline 1972-Present

National Football League Europe Logos [Ref: 63]

National Football League International 1960-Present

Designated Home Team (Host City)Years
National Football League Intercontinental1960-1993
Chicago Bears (Toronto)1960
Detroit Lions (Montreal)1969
Pittsburgh Steelers (Montreal)1969
NFL Bleu (Paris)1972
NFL Rouge (Paris)1972
St. Louis Cardinals (Tokyo)1976
New Orleans Saints (Mexico City)1978
Tampa Bay Bandits (USFL)(London)1984
Minnesota Vikings (Goteborg)1988
Cleveland Browns (Toronto) #1993
NFL American Bowl / International Series1995-Present
Minnesota Vikings (London)1983^; 2013
St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams (London)1987+; 2012, 16-17, 19
Miami Dolphins (London)1988+, 2007, 2015, 2017
New Orleans Saints (London)1990+, 2008
San Francisco 49ers (London)1992+, 2010
Buffalo Bills (Toronto)1995+; 2008-2013 [35]
National Football League American Bowl1986-2019
Chicago Bears (London)1986
New York Jets (Montreal)1988
Los Angeles Rams (Tokyo)1989
Philadelphia Eagles (London)1989
Denver Broncos (Tokyo)1990, 1995
Pittsburgh Steelers (Montreal)1990
Los Angeles Rams (Berlin)1990
Buffalo Bills (London)1991
San Francisco 49ers (Berlin)1991
Miami Dolphins (Tokyo)1991
Houston Oilers (Tokyo)1992
Miami Dolphins (Berlin)1992
Dallas Cowboys (London)1993
New Orleans Saints (Tokyo)1993
San Francisco 49ers (Barcelona)1993
Minnesota Vikings (Berlin)1993
Los Angeles Raiders (Barcelona)1994
Minnesota Vikings (Tokyo)1994
New York Giants (Berlin)1994
Houston Oilers (Mexico City)1994
San Diego Chargers (Tokyo)1996
Kansas City Chiefs (Monterrey)1996
Pittsburgh Steelers (Dublin)1997
Miami Dolphins (Mexico City)1997
Green Bay Packers (Toronto)1997
Green Bay Packers (Tokyo)1998
San Francisco 49ers (Vancouver)1998
New England Patriots (Tokyo)1998
Denver Broncos (Sydney)1999
Atlanta Falcons (Tokyo)2000; 2005
Indianapolis Colts (Mexico City)2000
Dallas Cowboys (Mexico City)2001
Washington Redskins (Osaka)2002
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Tokyo)2003
National Football League International Series2005-2019
Arizona Cardinals (Mexico City)2005 [33]
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (London)2009, 2011, 2019
Jacksonville Jaguars (London)2013-2019
Atlanta Falcons (London)2014
Oakland Raiders (London)2014; 2018-2019
Kansas City Chiefs (London)2015
Cincinnati Bengals (London)2016
Cleveland Browns (London)2017
Los Angeles Chargers (London)2018
Los Angeles Chargers (Mexico City)2019
Green Bay Packers (Winnipeg) ^2019
NFL American Bowl & International Series 1976-2019

# International Series Match. + American Bowl Match. ^ Non-International Series Preseason Exhibition match.

National Football League Europe Era (1991-Present)

TeamYears
World League of American Football (North American Teams)1991-1992
New York / New Jersey Knights
Orlando Thunder
Montreal Machine
Raleigh-Durham Skyhawks
Birmingham Fire
San Antonio Riders
Sacramento Surge
Ohio Glory (Columbus)
European League Continental Conference1993
Hamburg Blue Devils (also AFLE)
Cologne Crocodiles
Munich Cowboys
Euro Spartans (Leicester)
European League UK Conference1993
EuroBears (Leicester)
EuroRaiders (Leicester)
EuroSteelers (Leicester)
EuroMonarchs (Leicetser)
American Football League of Europe1994-1995
Stockholm Nordic Vikings
Berlin Bears
Helsinki Roosters
Frankfurt Knights
Hamburg Blue Devils (also ELCC)
Munich Thunder
Amsterdam Crusaders (also IFAFE Big 6)
Sheffield GB Spartans
Frankfurt Gamblers
Bergamo Lions
National Football League Europe League1995-2007
London Monarchs (also WLAF)
Barcelona Dragons (also WLAF)
Amsterdam Admirals
Scottish Claymores (Edinburgh)
Rhein Fire
Frankfurt Galaxy (also WLAF)
Berlin Thunder
Cologne Crocodiles
Hamburg Sea Devils
Central European Football League2006-2016
Stirmium Legionaires
Ljubljana Silverhawks
Cineplexx Blue Devils
Project Spielberg Graz Giants
Zagreb Patriots
Kranj Alp Devils
Sarajevo Spartans
Domzale Tigers
Bratislava Monarchs
Budapest Docler Wolves
Budapest Cowboys
Budapest Cowbells
Nis Imperatori
Indija Indians
Istanbul Cavaliers
Vukovi Beograd
Novi Sad Dukes
ASVO / CNC Gladiators
Kragujevac Wild Boars
International Federation of American Football Europe Big 62016-Present
Schwabisch-Hall Unicorns
Berlin Adler
Braunschweig New Yorker Lions
Frankfurt Samsung Universe
Raiffeisen Vikings Vienna
Amsterdam Crusaders (also AFLE)
La Corneuve Flash
Aix-en-Provence Argonautes
Badalona Dracs
Milano Seamen
National Football League Europe Teams Timeline (1991-Present) [Ref: 2-62]

Report

The National Football League played its first match in Europe in Paris in 1972 as part of the Intercontintal Football League promotion, between NFL Bleu and NFL Rouge, two teams of National Football League players. The following 10 years saw more matches played, including a USFL match.

The National Football League played the first American Bowl, a series of Preseason matches in London, Berlin, Barcelona and Dublin in 1983, and these continued until 1997.

In 1991 the NFL set up the World League of American Football with seven teams in North America (including one in Canada) and three in Europe. It scrapped the League after two seasons.

In 1993 the European League was a venture featuring three German teams and 5 English teams playing a limited schedule. In 1994 this league morphed into the American Football League of europe, featuring 8 teams and playing a 10-game season, with teams throughout Northern and Central Europe.

The AFL Europe was cut short after the 1995 season, as that year saw the return of the World League of American Football which was now a Europe-only League with 6 teams. It was renamed the NFL Europe League in 1998, and by the time the National Football League scrapped it in 2007 to focus on promoting the NFL in Europe it had 5 of its six teams in Germany.

The Central European Football League was set up in 2006 as a weekly, 10-game schedule league. By the time it had been absorbed by IFAF Europe in 2017, and become a regional A League playing a 2-game schedule for the previous years champions of the Central European National Leagues, in line with the Northern European Football League, under the European Football League (AA), it had teams from Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina and Turkey.

It was replaced as the Major League in Europe by the IFAF Europe Big 6, playing a limited-schedule, 2-game season, with two groups and a Final. Teams were from Germany, Austria, Netherlands, France, Italy and Spain.

The National Football League during this time (2007-present) was promoting the National Football League in Europe through a series of Regular Season games in London, with the Jacksonville Jaguars the designated home team for one game a year. By 2019 this had become four-games a year, with a wide variety of NFL teams playing. The American Bowl and International Series included matches in Mexico, Japan, Canada and Australia.

References

Bibliography

[1] National Football League (2014) “Past Standings” 2014 Official NFL Record & Factbook” pg. 350-399. National football League, Time Home Entertainment. 2014.

[2] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1991 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id165.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[3] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1992 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id166.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Newspapers

[4] Berry, Lee (1993) “Spartans Humbled in Hamburg” First Down. May 15, 1993. pg. 17

[5] Berry, Lee (1993) “Germans Get Away with Blue Murder” First Down. August 28, 1993. pg. 18.

[6] Berry, Lee (1993) “Spartans humble” First Down. October 2, 1993. pg. ??.

Newspapers

[7] Berry, Lee (1993) “They said it couldn’t be done” First Down. October 16, 1993. pg. 20

[8] Berry, Lee (1993) “Nuttall mints it with Raiders” First Down. October 16, 1993. pg. 20.

[9] Berry, Lee (1993) “Semi-Conscience” First Down. October 23, 1993. pg. 20.

[10] Berry, Lee (1993) “Near-Miss!” First Down. November 6, 1993. pg. 21.

Websites

[11] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Ludwig Alberter – 5 September 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/oNVilaWhNSY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

[12] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Dominik Kubla – 5 November 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/BRx_xxVsAoY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

Sources

[13] FD Reporter (1995) “Terry Launches Second Coming” First Down, May 20, 1995, P. 18.

[14] Rowlands, Neil (1995) “It’s back to the good old Haze!” First Down, May 27, 1995, P. 22.

[15] Anon. (1995) “I’ll give any unhappy fans money back” First Down, June 10, 1995, P. 18.

[16] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Sedin Death!” First Down, June 17, 1995, P. 21.

[17] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Defensive Disaster sees Spartans crumble to 0-5” First Down, July 15, 1995, P. 18.

[18] Anon. (1995) “We can bounce back, says Tel” First Down, July 1, 1995, P. 18.

[19] FD Reporter (1995) “Sitting on the dock of a bay” First Down, August 5, 1995, P. 19.

Online Encyclopedia

[20] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2019) American Football League Europe 1995 [Internet] Available from: http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1995_afle_eur.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2019]

News Groups

[21] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Schedule of 1995 Season | Post by Domink Kubla 27 May 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/6Y8ECEnsSi0 [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[22] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Latest News and first result | Post by Domink Kubla 2 June 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/j1J9u7pcYPo [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[23] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1995 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id170.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[24] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1996 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id171.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[25] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1997 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id172.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[26] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1998 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id173.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[27] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1999 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id174.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[28] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2000 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id175.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[29] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2001 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id176.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[30] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2002 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id177.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[31] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2003 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id178.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[32] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2004 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id179.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[33] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2005 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id180.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[34] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2006 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id181.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[35] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2007 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id182.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Internet Archive

[36] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Scores & schedule 2006 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090118162703/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2006/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[37] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Scores & Schedule 2007 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090118163121/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2007/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[38] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2008) Standings 2007 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20080308000949/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 6 June 2020]

[39] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Scores & Schedule 2008 [Internet] Available from:https://web.archive.org/web/20090118162938/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2008/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[40] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Standings 2008 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090118162315/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[41] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2013) Scores & Schedule 2009 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20130328043843/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2009/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[42] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Standings 2009 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20091105230042/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[43] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2013) Scores & Schedule 2010 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20130328043549/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2010/ [Accessed 6 June 2020]

[44] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2010) Standings 2010 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20101109060341/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[45] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2013) Scores & Schedule 2011 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20130328043252/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2011/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[46] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2011) Standings 2011 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20111111013048/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[47] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2013) Scores & Schedule 2012 [Internet] Available from:https://web.archive.org/web/20130328044149/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2012/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[48] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2012) Standings 2012 [Internet] Available from:https://web.archive.org/web/20120905031154/http://www.european-league.com/standings [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[49] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2014) Scores & Schedule 2013 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20140802210226/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2013/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[50] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2013) Standings 2013 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20131027154542/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[51] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Scores & Schedule 2014 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20140821194851/http://www.european-league.com/scores/2014/ [Accessed 6 June 2020]

[52] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2015) Standings 2014 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20150121092716/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[53] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2015) Scores & Schedule 2015 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20151003060110/http://www.european-league.com/scores [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[54] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2015) Standings 2015 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20151008031521/http://www.european-league.com/standings [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[55] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2009) Scores & Schedule 2016 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161224191946/http://www.european-league.com/scores/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

[56] Central European Football League | Wayback Machine (2016) Standings 2016 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161225012542/http://www.european-league.com/standings/ [Accessed 5 June 2020]

Websites

[57] Eurobowl (2015) BIG6 EFL Standings 2015 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=tabellen&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2015 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

[58] Eurobowl (2015) BIG6 EFL Schedule / Results 2015 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=spielplan&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2015 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

[59] Eurobowl (2016) BIG6 EFL Schedule / Results 2016 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=spielplan&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2016 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

[60] Eurobowl (2017) BIG6 EFL Standings 2017 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=tabellen&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2017 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

[61] Eurobowl (2017) BIG6 EFL Schedule / Results 2017 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=spielplan&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2017 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

[62] Eurobowl (2018) BIG6 EFL Schedule / Results 2018 [Internet] Available from: http://www.eurobowl.info/index.php?Inhalt=spielplan&Liga=BIG6&Archiv=2018 [Accessed 15 April 2020]

Images

[63] Growth of a Game (2014) NFL Europe Logos [Internet] Available from: https://www.growthofagame.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/NFL-Europe-Logo.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Decy Maher and John Kane.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.Advertisements

European American Football World Wars Era Timeline 1918-1993

USAFE Continental Sports Conference Logo [Ref:

World War I and II Era 1918-1944

TeamYears
American Expeditionary Force Football League1918-1919
Saint-Nazaire1918-1919
Bordeaux1918
Panther 36th Division1918-1919
Lightning 78th Division1918
Blue Ridge 80th Division1918
Rolling W 89th Division1919
Ivy 4th Division1919
SOS Tours1919
SOS Base Section 21919
GHQ Chaumont1919
GHQ Le Mans1919
First Army Corps1919
Hourglass 7th Division1919
Keystone 8th Division1919
European Theater of Operations Northern Ireland Championship1942-1944
Hale Blue Devils1942-1943
Yarvard Crimson Tide1942-1943
Tech Fighting Irish1942-1943
Navy Galloping Gaels1944
Army Wolverines1944
European Theater of Operations Football Championship Autumn 1943
Podhs1943
Ball Toters1943
Red Tornado1943
Gremlins1943
Engineering Bulldozers1943
Skytrain1943
Army Blues1943
Army Greens1943
Central Base Pirates1943
8th air Force Commandos1943
101st Screaming Eagles1943
Invaders1943-1944
4th Infantry Blues1943
8th Air Force Lightning1943
US Blues1943
Canadian Mustangs1943
US Navy Seabees1943
Army (Oran, Algeria)1943
Army (Oran, Algeria)1943
European Theater of Operations Football Championship Winter 1944
1st Air Force Depot Shuttle-Raders1944
Navy Sea Lions1944
348th Bomb Group Kiwis1944
445th Bomb Group 1944
Berger’s Bouncers1944
Henley’s Hurricanes1944
Moore’s Maulers1944
Bearcats1944
78th Fighter Group Greyhounds1944
398th Bomb Group Blue Blazers1944
Helton’s Hellcats1944
356th Fighter Group Tukey’s Terrors1944
Air Force Command Warriors1944
Photo Lightnings1944
Cowboys1944
Ramblers1944
94th Bomb Group Fighting Eagles1944
European Theater of Operations Football ChampionshipAutumn 1944
Air Force Command1944
3rd Air Force Depot Liberators1944
Moore’s Maulers1944
Doughter’s Fighting Eagles1944
Navy Green Waves1944
Army Red Raiders1944
8th Air Force Shuttle-Raders1944
Shuttle-Raders1944
American Expeditionary Force (1918-1919) and European Theater of Operations (1942-1944) Football Teams [Ref: 1]

United States Air Force in Europe Era 1951-1993

TeamYears
USAFE UK Sports Conference1951-1993
London Rockets
Alconbury Spartans
Bentwaters Phantoms
Chicksands Fighting Chicks
Fairford Falcons
Greenham Common Pirates
Lakenheath Eagles
Mildenhall Marauders
Upper Heyford Skykings
Weathersfield Raiders
High Wycombe Bucks
Burtonwood Bullets
Greenham Common Crusaders
USAFE Continental Sports Conference1951-1993
Berlin Bears
Bitburg Barons
Camp New Amsterdam
Landsberg Tigers
Toul Tigers
Rhein-Main Rockets
Sembach Tigers
Ramstein Rams
Spangdalem Sheikhs
Weisbaden Flyers
Hahn Hawks
Zweibrucken
SHAPE Indians (Paris)
USAFE Mediterranean Sports Conference1951-1993
Aviano Eagles
Hellenikon Olympians
Moron
San Vito
Torreon
United States Air Force in Europe Football Teams [Ref: 2-6]

Intercontinental Football League Era 1973-1986

TeamYears
USAREUR Northern Italy League1974-1975
Blue Knights Vicenza
Bosco Rocks Verona
Geronimos Verona
Missile Support Command Vicenza
Northern Italian Football League1976-1986
Rangers Tirrenia
Red Machine Aviano
Eagles Aviano
Rhinos Milano
Frogs Gallarate
Rams Milano
Giaguari Torino
Warriors Bologna
Crusaders Brindisi
Frogs Busto Arsizio
Seamen Milano
Wildcats Napoil
Red Raiders Aviano
Mustangs Napoli
Black Knights Vicenza
Blue Falcons Vicenza
Intercontinental Football League1973-1975
Munich Lions
Vienna Lippizaners
West Berlin Bears
Barcelona Almogovares
Istanbul Conquerors
Rome Gladiators
Intercontinental Football League European Cup 1976-1978
Texas A&I Javelinas
Henderson State Reddies
Newton Nite Hawks
Chicago Lions
Quad Cities Black Hawks
Indianapolis Capitols
Northern Italian Football League (1974-1986) and Intercontinental Football League (1973-1978) Teams [Ref: 11-23]

Report

The first American Football Leagues in Europe were US Navy and Army matches in France during World War I. The American Expeditionary Force Football League was played from 1918-1919.

During World War II, US Soldiers based in Northern Ireland and Britain played in the European Theater of Operations Football Championship from 1942 to 1944, with one match, the Arab Bowl played in Oran, Algeria.

The United States Air Force in Europe (USAFE) had a Football League with a Continental Sports Conference (Germany and France), United Kingdom Sports Conference and Mediterranean Sports Conference (Italy, Spain and Greece). It played during the Cold War from 1951-1993, and unlike the WWI and WWII Championships which were basically “Turkey Bowl”-type Elimination Championships (so-named because they frequently took place at Thanksgiving), this League played an 8-10 game regular season, followed by a Conference Championship, and USAFE Final.

The US Army in Europe (USAREUR) had a league among players in Noerthern italy from 1974-1975, and from 1976 to 1986 included Italian teams, forming the first leagues in Europe that had European players.

The Intercontinental Football League was set up in 1972 following the success of the film M*A*S*H about US Soldiers, which featured a climactic end sequence of an American Football match. The league had sold enough franchises for a 6-team league by 1973, but was delayed due to the oil crisis and subsequent terror campaign by the Red Brigades and Baader-Meinhof Gang. It was eventually cancelled altogether after consultation with people in Washington, DC.

The Intercontinental Football League, however, wasn’t finished, and from 1976 to 1978 played a European Championship featuring touring American Teams. The Era ended after the End of the Cold War, and by then American Football Teams, with European players were being set up in almost every country.

References

Bibliography

[1] Foglio, Massimo & Ford, Mark L. (2017) Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. pg. 21-34. Published by the author.

Websites

[2] Britball Now (2019) US Miltary Football in the UK [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/us-military-football-in-the.html [Accessed 8 November 2019]

[3] USAFE Football (2019) Teams | CSC [Internet] Available from: http://www.usafefootball.com/Teams/CSC/csc.html [Accessed 8 November 2019]

[4] USAFE Football (2019) Teams | UKSC [Internet] Available from: http://www.usafefootball.com/Teams/UKSC/uksc.html [Accessed 8 November 2019]

[5] USAFE Football (2019) Teams | MSC [Internet] Available from: http://www.usafefootball.com/Teams/MSC/msc.html [Accessed 8 November 2019]

[6] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2019) United States Army Europe Football Tournament [Internet] Available from: http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1974_USArEurFT.pdf [Accessed 8 November 2019]

Websites

[7] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) United States Army Europe Football Tournament 1974 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1974_USArEurFT.pdf [Accessed 15 October 2019]

[8] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) United States Army Europe Football Tournament 1975 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1975_USArEurFT.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[9] USAFE Football (2019) USAFE Football Home [Internet] Available from: http://www.usafefootball.com/ [Accessed 27 October 2019

[10] Massimo Foglio (2017) “Touchdown in Europe: How American Football Came to the Old Continent”. Pg. 228. Second Edition, 2017. Published by the Author

Websites

[11] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1976 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1976_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[12] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1977 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1977_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[13] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1978 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1978_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[14] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1979 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1979_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[15] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1980 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1980_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[16] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1981 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1981_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[17] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1982 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1982_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[18] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1983 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1983_nifl.pdf[Accessed 15 October 2019]

[19] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1984 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1984_nifl.pdf [Accessed 24 October 2019]

[20] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1985 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1985_nifl.pdf [Accessed 24 October 2019]

[21] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2018) Northern Italian Football League 1986 http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1986_nifl.pdfAccessed 24 October 2019]

Website / Sources

[22] Mark L. Ford and Massimo Foglio, The Coffin Corner Volume 27,No. 6, Pro Football Researchers Association (2002) THE FIRST “NFL EUROPE”[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/27-06-1101.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Bibiography

[23] Massimo Foglio with Mark L. Ford (2017), Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. Second Edition “The Trailblazers: Bleu et Rouge, College and Semi-Pro”. pg. 151-188. Published by the Author (2015, 2017)

[24] USAFE Football (2019) CSC Sports Patch [Internet] Available from: http://www.usafefootball.com/CSC-Sports-Patch.jpg [Accessed 8 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Tim Leadingham and Todd Zboyan

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.Advertisements